Pyrazole Kresoxim

Pyrazole Kresoxim by BASF in 1993, developed the structure of both pyrazole strobilurin fungicides, the company then developed following the oxime ester bacteria such fungicides. To control by a variety of diseases caused by fungal pathogens. 

Kresoxim pyrazole other Chinese name: yl ester amine bacteria 

Common name pyraclostrobin, code BAS500F 

A single dose of brand name Cabrio, Headline, Attitude, Kai Run (BASF), etc. 

CAS Registry Number :175013 -18-0 

Chemical name: N-[2 - [[1 - (4 - chlorophenyl) pyrazole -3-- yl] O-methyl] phenyl]-N-methoxy carbamate 

Structural formula is: 

Molecular formula: C19H18CIN3O4 

MW: 387.82 

Physical Properties: odorless, white to light beige crystals. Melting point :63.7-65 .2 ℃, density: 1.37, vapor pressure: 2.6 × 10-8Pa (20-25 ℃); Henry constant of 5.3 × 10Pa m3/mol (20 ℃); distribution coefficient of 3.99 (22 ℃). Water solubility of 2.4mg / L (20% / deionized water) has also been reported as 1.9 mg / L (20 ℃). Organic solvent solubility, (20 ℃, g/100ml): distilled water, 0.00019, 0.37 n-heptane, methanol 10, acetonitrile ≥ 50, toluene, methylene chloride ≥ 57, acetone, ethyl acetate ≥ 65, n-octanol 2.4. In pure water (sterile water) in the half-life of 59h, in natural (non-sterile water) (25 ℃) half-life of 56h, the soil in the field half-life of 2 ~ 37d. 

Toxicity: Acute oral LD50> 5000mg/kg. Acute dermal LD50> 2000mg/kg. The rabbit eye and skin tests show that the agent non-irritating. And no teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity. The mountain quail acute oral teeth LD50> 2000mg/kg. Rainbow trout LC50 (96 h)> 0.006 mg / L. Harmless to bees, LD50> 310μg / only (by mouth). Environmental toxicity in the water hydrolysis half-life of DT50> 30 days, pH = 5-7 (25 ℃) when the stable. Half-life in water photolysis DT50 <2hr field soil half-life of DT502 ~ 37 days. 

Formulation: 20% granules, 20% WP, 200g / L concentration of emulsion, 25% EC and 20% water dispersible granule agent. Another Kresoxim pyrazole acid bacteria with the pyridine amine (boscalid) of the mixed agent (pyrazolyl Kresoxim 6.8% + 13.6% pyridine amine acid bacteria, and pyrazole Kresoxim 9.1% + 18.2% pyridine amine acid bacteria ), as well as pyrazole Kresoxim Epoxiconazole respectively, Captan, fludioxonil, dressing slightly, organic copper fungicides, organotin fungicides mixture. 

Mechanism: Pyrazolo Kresoxim is an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. It runs fine by preventing cytochrome b and inter-C1 inhibits mitochondrial electron transport and respiration, the mitochondria can not produce and provide cells the energy required for normal metabolism (ATP), ultimately leading to cell death. Pyrazole Kresoxim has a strong ability to inhibit the spore germination, mycelial growth on the leaves have a good inhibition. The persistence is longer, and has potential therapeutic activity. The compounds in the leaf tip or leaf base within the fumigation effect of conduction and weak, but the signaling activity in plants is strong. Kresoxim pyrazole has a protective effect, therapeutic effect, the uptake and performance and resistance to rain erosion, and the wide range of applications. Although the pyrazole Kresoxim resistance of the pathogen strains tested was inhibited, but its use should be the recommended dose and no cross-resistance with other fungicides are mixed in the bucket is dumped, or direct application of their mixture, and strictly limit the number of medication for each growing season, in order to delay the occurrence of resistance and hair clogs. 

Purposes and the use of methods: prevention and control diseases of cereal crops with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity because, pyrazole Kresoxim leaves of cereals and grains in disease prevention have outstanding results, and yield significant results. 

Kresoxim pyrazole can be used for wheat, peanuts, rice, vegetables, fruit, tobacco, tea, ornamentals, turf and other crops, control ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, imperfect fungi and Oomycetes fungal leaf blight , rust, powdery mildew, downy mildew, blight, anthracnose, scab, leaf spot, blight and other diseases. Cucumber powdery mildew, downy mildew, banana scab, leaf spot, grape downy mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew, tomato and potato early blight, late blight, powdery mildew and leaf blight, etc. have good control effect. With its single-dose trials for treatment can effectively control wheat leaf blight, but also can be observed for small Maiying blight Kaneharu role. Even more serious disease, the yl ester amine bacteria can still effectively control leaf rust, stripe rust damage on the barley and wheat, while barley leaf blight and can be textured to rid disease, yl ester amine bacteria can also be effectively prevented Other cereal diseases: such as wheat leaf blight, snow white spot disease and rot and barley moire disease. 

It can control the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Gang of imperfect fungi, Oomycetes such as most of the diseases. On spore germination and mycelium growth of the leaves have a strong inhibitory effect, a protective and therapeutic activity. Permeability and absorption within a local activity, the persistence of long, rain erosion resistant. Is widely used to control wheat, rice, peanuts, grapes, vegetables, potatoes, banana, lemon, coffee, fruit trees, walnuts, tea, tobacco and ornamental plants, lawns and other diseases on field crops. 

The compound is not only low toxicity and safety of non-target organisms, but also for users and the environment are safe and friendly by the U.S. EPA as a "reduces the risk of candidate agents." Kresoxim pyrazole crops can have a positive physiological regulatory role, it can inhibit ethylene production, which can help crops have a longer time to ensure that the maturity of biological energy reserves; can significantly increase crop nitrification reductase activity, which means was to reduce the use of nitrogen in soil, thus further reducing the impact on groundwater; when the crops are virus attacks, it can accelerate the formation of resistance to protein - and plant their own resilience acid composition of protein synthesis on the same effect. 

Pyrazole Kresoxim is Kresoxim improved efficiency on the basis of mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor, is N-pyrazolyl-chlorophenyl Kresoxim replaced in the molecular structure of o-methyl phenyl, and the development of another broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide. It is more active, is 3 times the same fungicide. The Kresoxim after 1 year in practice have occurred on the reports of resistance to powdery mildew, resistant spores in 2000 (2% -99%) in the northern part of Germany, France and Britain have been numerous reports of the north. In the country currently Powdery Mildew has decreased. 

EC pyrazole Kresoxim by field experiments showed that on cucumber powdery mildew, downy mildew and banana scab, leaf spot, and grape downy mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew and others have a better control effect. Against cucumber powdery mildew, downy mildew is the dosage of active ingredient 75 ~ 150g/hm2 (EC folded volume of goods 20-40Ml/667m2). Diluted with water even after the initial onset of spray. General spraying 3 - times. 7 days spray interval of 1 drug. Control of banana scab, leaf spot concentration of active ingredients 83.3-250mg/kg (1000-3000 fold dilution), in the early onset of spray. General spraying 3 times, 10-day spray interval of 1 drug. Control of grape downy mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew Shi Kai Run by 25% from 2000 to 4000 times dilution, 60% of the 800 million Thai diluted 1500 times. Each growing season for grapes, spraying a holding time of 12-14 days validity. Pyrazole Kresoxim cucumber, bananas, grapes safe, no injury occurred. 

Global sales of the product of 4 billion U.S. dollars, the patent period of 2013. 

Pyrazole Kresoxim, azoxystrobin, kresoxim are strobilurin materials strobilurin fungicide strobilurin is a natural antibiotic for the development of lead compounds A new class of fungicides, so far, six varieties of commercialization, there are at least seven compounds under development. Their chemical structure contains methoxy acrylate groups or by methoxy acrylate derived Evolution. The performance of applications in agriculture have many common features. 

(1) unique mechanism of action. They are inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory pathogens, namely, by the cytochrome b and c. Inhibition of electron transfer between mitochondrial respiration, interference with cellular energy supply, so that cell death, which play a bactericidal effect. Fungicides effect on mitochondrial respiration are more, but the role of phenoxy acrylate fungicides the site (cytochrome b) were different with the past, all fungicides, which has sterols for the inhibitors (such as triazole), phenyl amide, two carboxyl amides, benzimidazole resistant strains effective. 

(2) broad-spectrum sterilization. For almost all fungi (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Oomycetes, and of imperfect fungi) diseases have shown good activity, such as wheat powdery mildew, leaf blight, red spot disease, the net spot disease , black fishy disease, rice blast, sheath blight, and downy mildew, disease, etc. have good activity, even more important for disease prevention. 

(3) a protective and therapeutic effects, and good penetration and the suction effect, can shoot spray, water spraying, seed treatment and other ways. 

(4) with high selectivity to crops, people, animals and beneficial organisms security, the basic pollution-free environment. 

(5) In addition to this class of compounds inhibit the pathogen, for some insects and plants also have electron transport inhibition, it is possible that phenoxy acid esters from the development of pesticides and herbicides, and has a patent in this area. 

On the market today are: 

Kresoxim pyrazole product name is called Kai Run, trade names called Kresoxim Green Bay, are German BASF. Azoxystrobin ah Mixi Da Name is called, there is a azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole yl, wonderful collection of goods is called ah meters are Syngenta. Enestroburin good Staege trade names, SYP tebuconazole amine product called cute, Shenyang Chemical Research Institute of China 

After several years a large number of worldwide use of practice shows that these fungicides is not only an excellent disease control products, while it can significantly improve fruit quality, increase production 

Kresoxim pyrazole and azoxystrobin for most diseases caused by fungi are effective, the scope is more broad-spectrum control number. Kresoxim of ascomycetes, basidiomycetes better disease caused by a number. 

General Rick suggested to play downy mildew (domestic propamocarb), g dew (frost urea MZ) or Anchorage (dimethomorph) and kresoxim pyrazole compound, can be a variety of disease prevention and control with a single pyrazole Kresoxim with downy mildew, then hit the prevention or early stages can be, later may be uncontrollable. At present, pyrazole Kresoxim for the protection and pre-treatment can, the real incidence of the proposed silver Pharisees (F propamocarb + bacteria). Kai Run has the protection of preventive health care in the following crop clover seedlings and the temperature of 15 ° below, when used on any crop, pay attention.