introduction
Facing Chinese pesticide market annual 400 to 500 billion in sales and growing broader markets and by monsanto, dupont, etc, as a representative of the multinational company, has made China as international operation strategy of an important goal. With many foreign capturing industry is same, foreign enterprises to Chinese market with high quality of pesticides, did not bring domestic pesticides in urgent need of scientific research and management experience of core competitiveness. Moreover, after 20 years of operation, China has become the multinational company product market of indispensable plate, domestic pesticides enterprise has been in a battleground positions subjugate of state. Monsanto, dupont, bayer, syngenta, dow this five transnational pesticide giants are in the Chinese market to cast shooters, successively advantage products led the Chinese market. Monsanto's nonda and bayer sharp strength specially, du pont's KangKuan, syngenta suitable joy, dow jether farmers efficient cover grass can, chlorpyrifos has become Chinese hundreds of millions of peasants, pesticide industry personnel familiar names.
Chinese pesticide industry status: fragmented industry, growing market. China pesticide production enterprise of more than 2,200 home, manufacturer scale small and scattered, top 10 big enterprises accounted for less than 20% of the country's total output proportion. In 2007, China's pesticide production (passbook) reach 100% reversed-phased 173.1 tons, 2009, Chinese pesticide production more than 226 million tons and become the world's largest producer and exporter of pesticides. But Chinese pesticide big but not strong, industry of the national top 10 big enterprise the proportion of total output only l9.5 %. 20 largest enterprise proportion of total output only 30.8%. Single preparations and blends with preparations enterprise market share in China without a more than 3%. Most enterprise depends on the small profits and quick turnover to live.
Chinese pesticide enterprise's brand awareness low, registration of varieties dispersed, product homogeneity serious. Pesticide major effective component only hundreds, while China registration pesticide varieties, more than 25,000 a. Light a abamectin preparations have 2798 cultivars (include abamectin mixing agent varieties), register enterprise reach 505 home. Compared with foreign products of high brand awareness, monsanto "nonda" every year for monsanto contribution to profits, while China billions of dollars glyphosate register enterprise nearly 400 home, registration number reaches a 785 preparations, but does not have a business or product can contend with "nonda".
A, several typical story
1, glyphosate (nonda)
Monsanto whole glyphosate production ability should be accounted for about 40 per cent of global production capacity, at the same time it controls the global 20% of capacity. In 2005 or in 2006, the price dropped to domestic glyphosate 2 million yuan/ton. At this time, monsanto for strategic thinking, close a glyphosate annual output of 100,000 tons of production line, directly to the China sourcing glyphosate.
Thus, causing the domestic glyphosate prices continued to rise, the end of 2006 is 3 million yuan, the year 2007 annual average for 3.0 million yuan, the first half of 2008 for 8.21 million yuan, the highest average prices had breakthrough 10 million mark. Price soaring, attracted by huge profits of stimulating domestic large enterprises have been built or expansion project, from 2007 glyphosate began, greatly small glyphosate production enterprise continuously satisfactorly expansion project, 2008 to September plan of new capacity at least 40 tons, and domestic consumption ability but around 50,000 tons, most of the glyphosate mainly still rely on exports. In such a crazy in Indonesia, May 2008, monsanto also announced restore restart 100,000 tons of production line, at the same time, 40,000 tons capacity, investment expansion after the completion of the project, glyphosate productivity improvement of nearly 20%. 2009 China productivity formule 103 tons, but global demand for about 80 million tons phosphine around. Then, this round of soaring prices ended, the market price of the glyphosate fall, at present the price of individual enterprise reversed-phased already low to 1.9 million yuan/ton, and production cost is in commonly 2.5 million yuan/ton or so. Speak, because Chinese pesticide industry management of chaos and enterprise's own blindness, let monsanto quite freely manipulates the glyphosate market.
And so the story continues to be played.
2 and fluorine worm nitriles (sharpness, jingang tales: in the Chinese market sales 15 years, farmers widely known.
Sharp strength, bayer cropscience sa (the former Barcelona Planck agrichemicals company) in 1987, are developed in 1993 began the commercialization of benzene pyrazole new class of pesticides, its general called fluorine worm nitriles (fipronil), because the elixir of novel structure, function mechanism is unique, high activity, was dubbed the new generation of international high-tech pesticides.
In 1994, introducing China, sharp strength with other agricultural research institutions and eppo promotion department cooperation, in the middle-lower Yangtze rice tended to conduct extensive experiments and demonstrations, main target for rice planthopper, pest and two of locusts, plutella xylostella etc.
In 1997, main promotion sharp strength vegetable insect pests prevention (DBM) and explores the main insect pests control of rice positioning and application technology, were selected for Shanghai non-pollution vegetables recommended medication,
In 1998, located in particular will be sharp strength of pest control of rice 2, and clearly in east and central China 6 provinces as the main market, among them the most successful application in zhejiang, 1998 by zhejiang eppo station for the "recommended paddies without pest harm action plan" preferred potions, back in zhejiang use area of more than 100 million mu, 99 years more than three million mu of zhejiang province, ZhiBaoZhan, zhejiang eppo society recommendation for "new pesticide technology promotion prospects products", The same year in guangxi successful promotion sharp strength, seed treatment technology,
In 2000, complete control of rice longitudinal strength sharpness foliaceous pest of registration.
Began in 2003 and domestic manufacturer cooperation promotion application mixed products, while in hunan successfully promote the sharpness is mixed currently in use, jingang technology, wide range of application,
In 2005, large-area demonstrated and sharp strength, main rice longitudinal foliaceous pest hold concurrently and cure period of two produce harm of pest and BPH,
In 2007, China's sharpness strength has sold more than 2100 tonnes, sales of more than 300 million,
On June 11, 2008, a patent protection g.osteoporosis strength,
2009 on February 1, ministry of agriculture general office issued a notice: requirements from 2009 July 1, except for health, partial building bai-leng seeds with BaoYiJi outside, in our country stop selling and used in other aspects of fluoride acrylic composition of the pesticide exposurer worm. Reason is fluorine worm to fish and other aquatic organisms halogenphosphazene and bee toxicity is very big, to environment unfriendly.
Most lets people thinking deeply early 2000 national agricultural technology center was issued on strengthening "sharp strength, the safe use of notice, notice explicitly pointed out:" in practical application process, also found sharp strength especially bees and fishery pernicious problems that need cause close attention. 2000 June 20, hebei jizhou in aircraft prevention summer locust process, found that when the drug caused massive death, total involving bees prevention area six villages near the 15 beekeeper households, the dead bees around 250 box. Another according to zhejiang reflected in September 1999 pinghu town from inland water HuangGu county, within HaTang add into death caused a big shrimp events, after the mensuration found in sharpness strength, water." Yet until after 10 years of the 2009 on fish and bees to high toxic for reason disable, it also happens to be sharp jin's patent protection just past, domestic generic productivity surge, ready to make large follow-up, this cause tremendous oscillation and many conjecture. Bayer's sharpness strength in China made piles, a patent protection to coincide with the ban, the loss is the biggest, of course, is the enterprise who follow up domestic! Because bayer subsequent product rice teng (10% avey fluorine worm double amide) has been smoothly to replace the rice market in China.
The more people questioned said: for the bees and aquatic biology high toxic pesticides many, nor be disabled, and sharpness, real strength is disabled reason is domestic registration of manufacturer and fluorine worm nitriles bayer company benefit gambling, which the war bayer defeated and domestic manufacturer also hurt.
3, chlorine worm benjia benzamide (KangKuan) story is just beginning, and history will be prevented?
KangKuan (chlorine worm benjia amide sc), is developed by dupont new generation of pesticides. Won the 2007 October 16th Brighton (BCPC) world eppo assembly "of the most innovative chemistry prize". The award is awarded to the ecological environment of the world have made outstanding contribution of chemical pesticides.
Chlorine worm benjia amide insecticidal spectrum broad, persistance resistant, the rains washed out of target pests, the activity of higher than other products 10 to 100 times, many of these features is actually penetration, conductivity, chemical stability, high insecticidal activity and lead to pests to immediately stop feeding effect such as the integrated embodiment. Therefore decided its than currently in most other pesticides have with longer and more stable and on crop protection. Control of rice on the main insect pests effect significantly, especially for other rice pesticides have more effects of pest resistances, such as rice longitudinal foliaceous pest, two of three big pest, pest and pest, to rice gall of mosquitoes, rice nigripictus, rice water nigripictus also has excellent control effect. More advantage is manual shows: the pesticide belong to WeiDu level, the spraying personnel very safe, on rice beneficial insects, fish, shrimp also very safe. Hold effect of up to 15 days of above, is no residual effect of agricultural products, with other pesticide mixed performance is good, it is applicable for various crops and fruit trees, currently the only pointed out that cannot be in mulberry use.
2008 KangKuan to enter the Chinese market, on rice to rice longitudinal foliaceous pest, two of three big pest, pest and pest control effect performance is better than conventional domestic and imported species pesticide, because this is in our country rice grown often recurrent pest control on huge potential application quickly appear, sales of rapid growth in 2008, 2009 more than thousand sales. Nearly replaces fluorine worm nitriles become the most advantage of rice varieties, pesticides also think the 2008 dupont KangKuan listed accelerated government eliminated fluorine worm nitriles pace.
Dupont chlorine worm benjia amide in 2001 in global application compounds, protection to patent protection by 2021. However, compared with previous compounds in chlorine worm benjia amide generic follow up faster than fluorine worm nitriles, occupy the market in dupont just when, in 2009) a number of homebred preparations added the chlorine worm benjia amide composition, prevention effect compared with other pesticides advantage, it naturally cause appeared dissatisfied with dupont, 2009 in August, USA dubont zhejiang sales representatives in taizhou formal erupted DuBangKang wide anti-fakes first shot. 2010 in the national market blow increase of infringement and spend much money, using public security system classics alarm power in the world market, sampling test for containing chlorine worm benjia amide composition of preparations are deemed an infringement.
2010 early may in nantong public security bureau receives reports say now detachment: someone in nantong days wild fine chemical Co., LTD. The name on the Internet openly selling fake. The police after a month of collection and MoPai, initially investigated criminal suspects YaoXingAn, WangYuJian such a man through the rent workshop, warehouse, production line and entrust treatment methods of production du pont patented product chlorine worm benjia amide reversed-phased and finished product KangKuan, and with virtual nantong days wild fine chemical Co., LTD. Nominal foreign sales. To the crime, illegal business before the amount to over 3500 yuan, and involves the 18 provinces and cities, and more than 110 enterprise or individual.
However, it may be a case, the domestic product adding chlorine worm benjia amide composition, be absent a few big guilty off all the trend. What then? This is way down the line.
Will not near its patents, and you can find some reasons and banned? Even can not help with, to have a long term, can produce 10 years how resistance?
Second, foreign pesticide can proceed of several main reasons:
1, advanced research and development level, high research investment, developed pesticide products of high quality and high efficiency, become to occupy the market hard power.
In order to better survival needs, human development new pesticide residues must have high security and low, pollution-free, high biological activity, using low cost, high selectivity characteristics, in the above factors, the first is to consider and environmental compatibility, secondly on biological activity. Due to the above a variety of factors, the development of new pesticide varieties increasingly difficult, periodic lengthen, investment increase, according to statistics, develop a new active ingredients, pesticide from start development to realize industrialization, the average time need 9.1 years, r&d expenditure of 2.1 billion dollars. And r&d rate is low, but as long as successful development, not only recycle all investment, and the profits are very impressive, this kind of new pesticide development characteristics make each pesticide company growing competition, who can lead in occupied pesticide new product development the commanding heights, who can dominate pesticide market and obtain more profits, today's new product development becomes the world pesticide bound the focus of competition, foreign pesticide giant in pesticide on development, on the one hand, creating huge spending pesticide varieties, application of efficient synthesis screening system and gene engineering application, on the other hand, the applied patent and other intellectual property rights protection system, as an effective guarantee.
Whereas domestic pesticides independent innovation system has not yet truly form, there is no pesticide research institutes in attaining world GI authentication. Pesticide industry is still in the technology behind, product quality is poor, many technical content is advanced level in a 5% lower 1O %, material consumptions more, the high cost and the serious pollution, low labor productivity. Many products production capacity surplus with hi-tech products supply coexist, difficult to adapt to the change of market demand.
Therefore foreign pesticide giant into Chinese products in quality and effect obviously superior to domestic varieties, after experimental demonstration, outstanding effect become farmers select purchased main reasons.
2, Chinese pesticide registered threshold low: foreign enterprises in China and pesticide products registration cost.
Chinese pesticide in foreign sales on the need to get local product registration certificate to pay high cost, such as in the United States to register for a pesticide varieties need millions of dollars, or even millions dollars, spend time also is very long, glyphosate is an obvious example is that almost no Chinese glyphosate enterprise registration certificate, most alone to master in foreign dealers, producers hands. Chinese pesticide companies are only for their raw materials suppliers, on the value chain bottom. As the world's biggest producer of glyphosate, China is don't grasp the discourse power, but also frequently encountering anti-dumping problem.
In sharp contrast, with foreign pesticides in domestic wholesale and retail comprehensive release, the overseas enterprise registered in China a pesticide exposurer costs only ten yuan of RMB, those pesticide giant, it extremely low, and this will allow foreign companies have enough space for tackling the cost, certainly will form both doors open, proceed of power.
3, as a large multinational group, pesticide titans of lobbying power and network is not to be underestimated.
On the one hand because of abundant funds, generous, on the other hand, the product quality is reliable, the managerial risk is lesser, on domestic functional departments and scientific research units of full use of, become its product in the Chinese market the rapid popularization etc.
From nonda and grams no zong, the high guy to sharp strength specially, KangKuan, numerous foreign pesticides in China's experiment, demonstration and extension process, have been agriculture pesticides shall, national agro-technique extension service center and national each main provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions ZhiBaoSuo and levels of academy ZhiBaoZhan and other provinces of the units concerned expert, the technical personnel's support.
Through enough of funds, using all over China ZhiBaoZhan, scientific research institution and the related department strength, media publicity and promotion conference and scientific research units experimental demonstration, can put in product sales, create benefits for the purpose of popularizing behavior, peremptory became agro-technical popularization system of official content.
But foreign pesticide representatives and the relationship of various eppo department, breed is also closely obvious easily boarded advocate postings and insect and intelligence, everywhere reflects the obvious superiority.
4, localization, the local professionals use
Localization strategy in aspects of pesticides are widely used, mainly reflects in indigenous discourse, indigenous human resources and the use of local environment. Some foreign companies in the target market and a strength of the scientific research units cooperation, provide funds, carry out the so-called research, or set up a joint venture company, take a circuitous gameplan, intention to enter China market. In cooperative research aspects, basically is through the fund support, get the support of discourse, the so-called studies are still confirmatory tests just, test report in essay form in authoritative magazine published, as a promotional products of the country, for domestic research level of ascension, and this kind of gimmick no value is more domains application, great proximity of power.
Meanwhile, hire existing agro-technical popularization system, especially in the discourse power plant system experts as consultant, in addition to the promotion meeting preaching technology and products, these experts use oneself in the local technology influence publicity "employer" product of the enterprise, the effect is remarkable.
In the Chinese market technology, the sales staff localization, the product packaging and promotional materials, publicity means the localization, the peasants training and continuous product innovation and comprehensive analysis, market research, product for product promotion provides a good foundation.
In these involvement in China's market of multinational companies, stay out dupont. In the 1990s, dupont global first agrichemicals webuton settled in Shanghai, China. China's agriculture industry intended to introduce advanced pesticide varieties, dupont is intended to China's vast market, so each took the form of joint venture company. Dupont products in China after sales increase year by year, in the Chinese non-patented pesticide environment can have high price and growing market share, proof dupont some effort is successful. Another chemical giant basf also in China from 1998, pesticide market rooted ~ 2008, including agrichemicals business in
Inside, basf in China every year of business is growing at a faster rate than 20%, the performance is considerable.
Three, impact consequences:
Foreign pesticides into China brings double consequences for China, agriculture, it has both positive and negative, also have both opportunities and impact. Opportunity is temporary, while the impact of consequences more severe.
(a) positive effects:
1, undeniable, import new pesticide on the Chinese agriculture made certain contribution, to farmers brought good medicine, the control effect is significantly better environmental protection, at the same time as the pressure and domestic awakening, multinational companies to enter the Chinese products are technology and environmental considerations, the form of double gradually on using agent, reduce benzene solvent such as pollution, this also is official and non-governmental accept one of the reasons.
2, to the domestic enterprises with generic goal, because it cannot separately rely on pesticide needs are met, therefore patented product generic pesticide accounts for market share or objective existence, to a certain extent, increased domestic pesticides enterprise product categories.
(2) negative influence
1, domestic enterprises are facing challenge. At present our country exports are basically low cost, low value-added reversed-phased, pesticide based processing is high pollution, high-risk industry, now many multinationals permitting and pesticide intermediates were turned to China to do, and multinational companies in China to sell is preparations, is a brand. By low cost, low value-added products to grab the international market, although the raw material market share to have, but real in the international and domestic market is multinational company brand, the more profits earned by multinationals is gone.
Mainstream market by foreign product occupation, herbicide, fungicide, rice cotton main crops of pesticides, vegetables high-end pesticide mainstream variety almost have foreign varieties, annually in the provinces and regions eppo main products announcement on you can clearly see the fact. Domestic enterprises most squeezed survival, to form a single product like "nonda" and "sharp strength te" such dimensions and the mainstream, and prices vary considerably.
2, the promotion, foreign pesticide farmers drug cost is increasing rapidly, for example, in the rice medication, sharp strength on rice farmers a mu, promote before field (2) a bucket of water on the drugs of reagent cost 5-6 yuan, now use imported insecticides and fungicides cooperate, import MuCi costs reached 30 yuan. Even if the domestic generic pesticide ingredients and control effect, the price also yielding around 20-30% below entrance pesticide.
Four, how should we respond
1 and industrial management reasonable setting proper threshold
No matter how the WTO rule fair, no matter how to marketization and globalization, any country and government have protecting national industrial intention and motivation. Because of China's opening up in a relatively short time, to some so-called rule research through, nature of the phenomenon has enslaved, China's glyphosate was imposed higher anti-dumping duties and eventually quit the eu market, it is painfully learned.
In the same things to have riskevaluation, such as pesticide registration fees and formalities, Chinese pesticide export also must obtain the importing registration administration, but for a product registration certificate often require spending millions of dollars, ready to make large data and wait for tedious examination and approval procedures, costly and time-consuming force, generally unable to bear, the current enterprise pesticide export largely owns the registration certificate of the middlemen.
China currently pesticide "3 card" of pesticide registers card cost is not high, only need to provide "field experiment" process and conclusion can, from access seeing condition, it is most easily acquired through, and pesticide production license, pesticide standard although registration fee more low, but due to request pesticide production enterprises need to have specific equipment, facilities and technological conditions, capital and management such as quality production requirements. Often difficult to get through. Foreign enterprise in China only need the former.
China's relevant technology, environmental impact assessment report in the foreign registration were not accepted recognition, and vice why easily recognized foreign related technical report pesticide enterprise? Reasonable setting proper threshold is reasonable and wise.
2 and industrial management departments and trades big experts as their responsibility.
Industry management departments and have discourse power industry experts should undertake its big responsibility. The expert should by strict scientific attitude, further study of the global industry trends, for Chinese pesticide industry pulse, the accuracy of information to managers, rather than own level and insights stay in mass level, floating on the surface, parrot, easily by enterprises by persuasion, led by others' ass turn, today was tomorrow against said. More cannot use their influence, ignoring the national interests, gansu works "traitors", becomes the overseas pesticide giant invaded China's ChuiGuShou.
Industry management department should in macro policies should be enhanced, the establishment of an industrial development industry regulation coordination and early warning mechanism, guide domestic enterprises health positive development, control of enterprise reckless expansion, such ability make Chinese enterprise go "market prices - a project global-positioning satisfactorly -- -- price abrupt release capacity concentrated diving" market cycle.
3, domestic scientific research units and enterprise's own efforts, insist on different levels of innovation
Domestic pesticides independent innovation system also has not been formed, countries: used for pesticide splits into limited, the data shows our annual scientific research and development expenses only pesticides in case of 3,500 RMB 50 million, as plants research fields are busy studying the gene is same, chemical industry also have more money wasted on so-called cutting-edge upstream research on, creating new active ingredients of input is obviously insufficient.
As the world pesticide production to high-tech, fineness and automation and biotechnology development. New product development speed accelerated, product updating cycle shortens greatly. Foreign multinational of big companies of many advanced experience is filaments for domestic large enterprises have used for reference, such as annual profit part of new products, and to develop and research institutes cooperation, accelerate new achievements of industrialization.
Imitation is the low levels of innovation, has obtained in China registration or the registration of temporary varieties, generally in domestic has certain the popularization and application of the basis, the patents expire after generic products more easily be market to accept, can shorten the time into the market, Similarly, modelled in foreign markets has good basic varieties, can consider to export, and through the improvement process, cost reduction, etc measures to participate in international competition. Domestic enterprises should actively follow the world pesticide development trend and purchase, introduce some foreign big company patent period of pesticide products, will increase development efforts.
At the same time the attention to protect themselves, to avoid patent infringement, besides compounds outside, some foreign company also apply related varieties in China manufacturing method patent and preparation and integrated materials patent, therefore in the compound patents expire at the same time, still need to be paid attention to other method patent or the patent right combination content restrictions and protection period, avoid varieties development process involving infringement.
Facing Chinese pesticide market annual 400 to 500 billion in sales and growing broader markets and by monsanto, dupont, etc, as a representative of the multinational company, has made China as international operation strategy of an important goal. With many foreign capturing industry is same, foreign enterprises to Chinese market with high quality of pesticides, did not bring domestic pesticides in urgent need of scientific research and management experience of core competitiveness. Moreover, after 20 years of operation, China has become the multinational company product market of indispensable plate, domestic pesticides enterprise has been in a battleground positions subjugate of state. Monsanto, dupont, bayer, syngenta, dow this five transnational pesticide giants are in the Chinese market to cast shooters, successively advantage products led the Chinese market. Monsanto's nonda and bayer sharp strength specially, du pont's KangKuan, syngenta suitable joy, dow jether farmers efficient cover grass can, chlorpyrifos has become Chinese hundreds of millions of peasants, pesticide industry personnel familiar names.
Chinese pesticide industry status: fragmented industry, growing market. China pesticide production enterprise of more than 2,200 home, manufacturer scale small and scattered, top 10 big enterprises accounted for less than 20% of the country's total output proportion. In 2007, China's pesticide production (passbook) reach 100% reversed-phased 173.1 tons, 2009, Chinese pesticide production more than 226 million tons and become the world's largest producer and exporter of pesticides. But Chinese pesticide big but not strong, industry of the national top 10 big enterprise the proportion of total output only l9.5 %. 20 largest enterprise proportion of total output only 30.8%. Single preparations and blends with preparations enterprise market share in China without a more than 3%. Most enterprise depends on the small profits and quick turnover to live.
Chinese pesticide enterprise's brand awareness low, registration of varieties dispersed, product homogeneity serious. Pesticide major effective component only hundreds, while China registration pesticide varieties, more than 25,000 a. Light a abamectin preparations have 2798 cultivars (include abamectin mixing agent varieties), register enterprise reach 505 home. Compared with foreign products of high brand awareness, monsanto "nonda" every year for monsanto contribution to profits, while China billions of dollars glyphosate register enterprise nearly 400 home, registration number reaches a 785 preparations, but does not have a business or product can contend with "nonda".
A, several typical story
1, glyphosate (nonda)
Monsanto whole glyphosate production ability should be accounted for about 40 per cent of global production capacity, at the same time it controls the global 20% of capacity. In 2005 or in 2006, the price dropped to domestic glyphosate 2 million yuan/ton. At this time, monsanto for strategic thinking, close a glyphosate annual output of 100,000 tons of production line, directly to the China sourcing glyphosate.
Thus, causing the domestic glyphosate prices continued to rise, the end of 2006 is 3 million yuan, the year 2007 annual average for 3.0 million yuan, the first half of 2008 for 8.21 million yuan, the highest average prices had breakthrough 10 million mark. Price soaring, attracted by huge profits of stimulating domestic large enterprises have been built or expansion project, from 2007 glyphosate began, greatly small glyphosate production enterprise continuously satisfactorly expansion project, 2008 to September plan of new capacity at least 40 tons, and domestic consumption ability but around 50,000 tons, most of the glyphosate mainly still rely on exports. In such a crazy in Indonesia, May 2008, monsanto also announced restore restart 100,000 tons of production line, at the same time, 40,000 tons capacity, investment expansion after the completion of the project, glyphosate productivity improvement of nearly 20%. 2009 China productivity formule 103 tons, but global demand for about 80 million tons phosphine around. Then, this round of soaring prices ended, the market price of the glyphosate fall, at present the price of individual enterprise reversed-phased already low to 1.9 million yuan/ton, and production cost is in commonly 2.5 million yuan/ton or so. Speak, because Chinese pesticide industry management of chaos and enterprise's own blindness, let monsanto quite freely manipulates the glyphosate market.
And so the story continues to be played.
2 and fluorine worm nitriles (sharpness, jingang tales: in the Chinese market sales 15 years, farmers widely known.
Sharp strength, bayer cropscience sa (the former Barcelona Planck agrichemicals company) in 1987, are developed in 1993 began the commercialization of benzene pyrazole new class of pesticides, its general called fluorine worm nitriles (fipronil), because the elixir of novel structure, function mechanism is unique, high activity, was dubbed the new generation of international high-tech pesticides.
In 1994, introducing China, sharp strength with other agricultural research institutions and eppo promotion department cooperation, in the middle-lower Yangtze rice tended to conduct extensive experiments and demonstrations, main target for rice planthopper, pest and two of locusts, plutella xylostella etc.
In 1997, main promotion sharp strength vegetable insect pests prevention (DBM) and explores the main insect pests control of rice positioning and application technology, were selected for Shanghai non-pollution vegetables recommended medication,
In 1998, located in particular will be sharp strength of pest control of rice 2, and clearly in east and central China 6 provinces as the main market, among them the most successful application in zhejiang, 1998 by zhejiang eppo station for the "recommended paddies without pest harm action plan" preferred potions, back in zhejiang use area of more than 100 million mu, 99 years more than three million mu of zhejiang province, ZhiBaoZhan, zhejiang eppo society recommendation for "new pesticide technology promotion prospects products", The same year in guangxi successful promotion sharp strength, seed treatment technology,
In 2000, complete control of rice longitudinal strength sharpness foliaceous pest of registration.
Began in 2003 and domestic manufacturer cooperation promotion application mixed products, while in hunan successfully promote the sharpness is mixed currently in use, jingang technology, wide range of application,
In 2005, large-area demonstrated and sharp strength, main rice longitudinal foliaceous pest hold concurrently and cure period of two produce harm of pest and BPH,
In 2007, China's sharpness strength has sold more than 2100 tonnes, sales of more than 300 million,
On June 11, 2008, a patent protection g.osteoporosis strength,
2009 on February 1, ministry of agriculture general office issued a notice: requirements from 2009 July 1, except for health, partial building bai-leng seeds with BaoYiJi outside, in our country stop selling and used in other aspects of fluoride acrylic composition of the pesticide exposurer worm. Reason is fluorine worm to fish and other aquatic organisms halogenphosphazene and bee toxicity is very big, to environment unfriendly.
Most lets people thinking deeply early 2000 national agricultural technology center was issued on strengthening "sharp strength, the safe use of notice, notice explicitly pointed out:" in practical application process, also found sharp strength especially bees and fishery pernicious problems that need cause close attention. 2000 June 20, hebei jizhou in aircraft prevention summer locust process, found that when the drug caused massive death, total involving bees prevention area six villages near the 15 beekeeper households, the dead bees around 250 box. Another according to zhejiang reflected in September 1999 pinghu town from inland water HuangGu county, within HaTang add into death caused a big shrimp events, after the mensuration found in sharpness strength, water." Yet until after 10 years of the 2009 on fish and bees to high toxic for reason disable, it also happens to be sharp jin's patent protection just past, domestic generic productivity surge, ready to make large follow-up, this cause tremendous oscillation and many conjecture. Bayer's sharpness strength in China made piles, a patent protection to coincide with the ban, the loss is the biggest, of course, is the enterprise who follow up domestic! Because bayer subsequent product rice teng (10% avey fluorine worm double amide) has been smoothly to replace the rice market in China.
The more people questioned said: for the bees and aquatic biology high toxic pesticides many, nor be disabled, and sharpness, real strength is disabled reason is domestic registration of manufacturer and fluorine worm nitriles bayer company benefit gambling, which the war bayer defeated and domestic manufacturer also hurt.
3, chlorine worm benjia benzamide (KangKuan) story is just beginning, and history will be prevented?
KangKuan (chlorine worm benjia amide sc), is developed by dupont new generation of pesticides. Won the 2007 October 16th Brighton (BCPC) world eppo assembly "of the most innovative chemistry prize". The award is awarded to the ecological environment of the world have made outstanding contribution of chemical pesticides.
Chlorine worm benjia amide insecticidal spectrum broad, persistance resistant, the rains washed out of target pests, the activity of higher than other products 10 to 100 times, many of these features is actually penetration, conductivity, chemical stability, high insecticidal activity and lead to pests to immediately stop feeding effect such as the integrated embodiment. Therefore decided its than currently in most other pesticides have with longer and more stable and on crop protection. Control of rice on the main insect pests effect significantly, especially for other rice pesticides have more effects of pest resistances, such as rice longitudinal foliaceous pest, two of three big pest, pest and pest, to rice gall of mosquitoes, rice nigripictus, rice water nigripictus also has excellent control effect. More advantage is manual shows: the pesticide belong to WeiDu level, the spraying personnel very safe, on rice beneficial insects, fish, shrimp also very safe. Hold effect of up to 15 days of above, is no residual effect of agricultural products, with other pesticide mixed performance is good, it is applicable for various crops and fruit trees, currently the only pointed out that cannot be in mulberry use.
2008 KangKuan to enter the Chinese market, on rice to rice longitudinal foliaceous pest, two of three big pest, pest and pest control effect performance is better than conventional domestic and imported species pesticide, because this is in our country rice grown often recurrent pest control on huge potential application quickly appear, sales of rapid growth in 2008, 2009 more than thousand sales. Nearly replaces fluorine worm nitriles become the most advantage of rice varieties, pesticides also think the 2008 dupont KangKuan listed accelerated government eliminated fluorine worm nitriles pace.
Dupont chlorine worm benjia amide in 2001 in global application compounds, protection to patent protection by 2021. However, compared with previous compounds in chlorine worm benjia amide generic follow up faster than fluorine worm nitriles, occupy the market in dupont just when, in 2009) a number of homebred preparations added the chlorine worm benjia amide composition, prevention effect compared with other pesticides advantage, it naturally cause appeared dissatisfied with dupont, 2009 in August, USA dubont zhejiang sales representatives in taizhou formal erupted DuBangKang wide anti-fakes first shot. 2010 in the national market blow increase of infringement and spend much money, using public security system classics alarm power in the world market, sampling test for containing chlorine worm benjia amide composition of preparations are deemed an infringement.
2010 early may in nantong public security bureau receives reports say now detachment: someone in nantong days wild fine chemical Co., LTD. The name on the Internet openly selling fake. The police after a month of collection and MoPai, initially investigated criminal suspects YaoXingAn, WangYuJian such a man through the rent workshop, warehouse, production line and entrust treatment methods of production du pont patented product chlorine worm benjia amide reversed-phased and finished product KangKuan, and with virtual nantong days wild fine chemical Co., LTD. Nominal foreign sales. To the crime, illegal business before the amount to over 3500 yuan, and involves the 18 provinces and cities, and more than 110 enterprise or individual.
However, it may be a case, the domestic product adding chlorine worm benjia amide composition, be absent a few big guilty off all the trend. What then? This is way down the line.
Will not near its patents, and you can find some reasons and banned? Even can not help with, to have a long term, can produce 10 years how resistance?
Second, foreign pesticide can proceed of several main reasons:
1, advanced research and development level, high research investment, developed pesticide products of high quality and high efficiency, become to occupy the market hard power.
In order to better survival needs, human development new pesticide residues must have high security and low, pollution-free, high biological activity, using low cost, high selectivity characteristics, in the above factors, the first is to consider and environmental compatibility, secondly on biological activity. Due to the above a variety of factors, the development of new pesticide varieties increasingly difficult, periodic lengthen, investment increase, according to statistics, develop a new active ingredients, pesticide from start development to realize industrialization, the average time need 9.1 years, r&d expenditure of 2.1 billion dollars. And r&d rate is low, but as long as successful development, not only recycle all investment, and the profits are very impressive, this kind of new pesticide development characteristics make each pesticide company growing competition, who can lead in occupied pesticide new product development the commanding heights, who can dominate pesticide market and obtain more profits, today's new product development becomes the world pesticide bound the focus of competition, foreign pesticide giant in pesticide on development, on the one hand, creating huge spending pesticide varieties, application of efficient synthesis screening system and gene engineering application, on the other hand, the applied patent and other intellectual property rights protection system, as an effective guarantee.
Whereas domestic pesticides independent innovation system has not yet truly form, there is no pesticide research institutes in attaining world GI authentication. Pesticide industry is still in the technology behind, product quality is poor, many technical content is advanced level in a 5% lower 1O %, material consumptions more, the high cost and the serious pollution, low labor productivity. Many products production capacity surplus with hi-tech products supply coexist, difficult to adapt to the change of market demand.
Therefore foreign pesticide giant into Chinese products in quality and effect obviously superior to domestic varieties, after experimental demonstration, outstanding effect become farmers select purchased main reasons.
2, Chinese pesticide registered threshold low: foreign enterprises in China and pesticide products registration cost.
Chinese pesticide in foreign sales on the need to get local product registration certificate to pay high cost, such as in the United States to register for a pesticide varieties need millions of dollars, or even millions dollars, spend time also is very long, glyphosate is an obvious example is that almost no Chinese glyphosate enterprise registration certificate, most alone to master in foreign dealers, producers hands. Chinese pesticide companies are only for their raw materials suppliers, on the value chain bottom. As the world's biggest producer of glyphosate, China is don't grasp the discourse power, but also frequently encountering anti-dumping problem.
In sharp contrast, with foreign pesticides in domestic wholesale and retail comprehensive release, the overseas enterprise registered in China a pesticide exposurer costs only ten yuan of RMB, those pesticide giant, it extremely low, and this will allow foreign companies have enough space for tackling the cost, certainly will form both doors open, proceed of power.
3, as a large multinational group, pesticide titans of lobbying power and network is not to be underestimated.
On the one hand because of abundant funds, generous, on the other hand, the product quality is reliable, the managerial risk is lesser, on domestic functional departments and scientific research units of full use of, become its product in the Chinese market the rapid popularization etc.
From nonda and grams no zong, the high guy to sharp strength specially, KangKuan, numerous foreign pesticides in China's experiment, demonstration and extension process, have been agriculture pesticides shall, national agro-technique extension service center and national each main provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions ZhiBaoSuo and levels of academy ZhiBaoZhan and other provinces of the units concerned expert, the technical personnel's support.
Through enough of funds, using all over China ZhiBaoZhan, scientific research institution and the related department strength, media publicity and promotion conference and scientific research units experimental demonstration, can put in product sales, create benefits for the purpose of popularizing behavior, peremptory became agro-technical popularization system of official content.
But foreign pesticide representatives and the relationship of various eppo department, breed is also closely obvious easily boarded advocate postings and insect and intelligence, everywhere reflects the obvious superiority.
4, localization, the local professionals use
Localization strategy in aspects of pesticides are widely used, mainly reflects in indigenous discourse, indigenous human resources and the use of local environment. Some foreign companies in the target market and a strength of the scientific research units cooperation, provide funds, carry out the so-called research, or set up a joint venture company, take a circuitous gameplan, intention to enter China market. In cooperative research aspects, basically is through the fund support, get the support of discourse, the so-called studies are still confirmatory tests just, test report in essay form in authoritative magazine published, as a promotional products of the country, for domestic research level of ascension, and this kind of gimmick no value is more domains application, great proximity of power.
Meanwhile, hire existing agro-technical popularization system, especially in the discourse power plant system experts as consultant, in addition to the promotion meeting preaching technology and products, these experts use oneself in the local technology influence publicity "employer" product of the enterprise, the effect is remarkable.
In the Chinese market technology, the sales staff localization, the product packaging and promotional materials, publicity means the localization, the peasants training and continuous product innovation and comprehensive analysis, market research, product for product promotion provides a good foundation.
In these involvement in China's market of multinational companies, stay out dupont. In the 1990s, dupont global first agrichemicals webuton settled in Shanghai, China. China's agriculture industry intended to introduce advanced pesticide varieties, dupont is intended to China's vast market, so each took the form of joint venture company. Dupont products in China after sales increase year by year, in the Chinese non-patented pesticide environment can have high price and growing market share, proof dupont some effort is successful. Another chemical giant basf also in China from 1998, pesticide market rooted ~ 2008, including agrichemicals business in
Inside, basf in China every year of business is growing at a faster rate than 20%, the performance is considerable.
Three, impact consequences:
Foreign pesticides into China brings double consequences for China, agriculture, it has both positive and negative, also have both opportunities and impact. Opportunity is temporary, while the impact of consequences more severe.
(a) positive effects:
1, undeniable, import new pesticide on the Chinese agriculture made certain contribution, to farmers brought good medicine, the control effect is significantly better environmental protection, at the same time as the pressure and domestic awakening, multinational companies to enter the Chinese products are technology and environmental considerations, the form of double gradually on using agent, reduce benzene solvent such as pollution, this also is official and non-governmental accept one of the reasons.
2, to the domestic enterprises with generic goal, because it cannot separately rely on pesticide needs are met, therefore patented product generic pesticide accounts for market share or objective existence, to a certain extent, increased domestic pesticides enterprise product categories.
(2) negative influence
1, domestic enterprises are facing challenge. At present our country exports are basically low cost, low value-added reversed-phased, pesticide based processing is high pollution, high-risk industry, now many multinationals permitting and pesticide intermediates were turned to China to do, and multinational companies in China to sell is preparations, is a brand. By low cost, low value-added products to grab the international market, although the raw material market share to have, but real in the international and domestic market is multinational company brand, the more profits earned by multinationals is gone.
Mainstream market by foreign product occupation, herbicide, fungicide, rice cotton main crops of pesticides, vegetables high-end pesticide mainstream variety almost have foreign varieties, annually in the provinces and regions eppo main products announcement on you can clearly see the fact. Domestic enterprises most squeezed survival, to form a single product like "nonda" and "sharp strength te" such dimensions and the mainstream, and prices vary considerably.
2, the promotion, foreign pesticide farmers drug cost is increasing rapidly, for example, in the rice medication, sharp strength on rice farmers a mu, promote before field (2) a bucket of water on the drugs of reagent cost 5-6 yuan, now use imported insecticides and fungicides cooperate, import MuCi costs reached 30 yuan. Even if the domestic generic pesticide ingredients and control effect, the price also yielding around 20-30% below entrance pesticide.
Four, how should we respond
1 and industrial management reasonable setting proper threshold
No matter how the WTO rule fair, no matter how to marketization and globalization, any country and government have protecting national industrial intention and motivation. Because of China's opening up in a relatively short time, to some so-called rule research through, nature of the phenomenon has enslaved, China's glyphosate was imposed higher anti-dumping duties and eventually quit the eu market, it is painfully learned.
In the same things to have riskevaluation, such as pesticide registration fees and formalities, Chinese pesticide export also must obtain the importing registration administration, but for a product registration certificate often require spending millions of dollars, ready to make large data and wait for tedious examination and approval procedures, costly and time-consuming force, generally unable to bear, the current enterprise pesticide export largely owns the registration certificate of the middlemen.
China currently pesticide "3 card" of pesticide registers card cost is not high, only need to provide "field experiment" process and conclusion can, from access seeing condition, it is most easily acquired through, and pesticide production license, pesticide standard although registration fee more low, but due to request pesticide production enterprises need to have specific equipment, facilities and technological conditions, capital and management such as quality production requirements. Often difficult to get through. Foreign enterprise in China only need the former.
China's relevant technology, environmental impact assessment report in the foreign registration were not accepted recognition, and vice why easily recognized foreign related technical report pesticide enterprise? Reasonable setting proper threshold is reasonable and wise.
2 and industrial management departments and trades big experts as their responsibility.
Industry management departments and have discourse power industry experts should undertake its big responsibility. The expert should by strict scientific attitude, further study of the global industry trends, for Chinese pesticide industry pulse, the accuracy of information to managers, rather than own level and insights stay in mass level, floating on the surface, parrot, easily by enterprises by persuasion, led by others' ass turn, today was tomorrow against said. More cannot use their influence, ignoring the national interests, gansu works "traitors", becomes the overseas pesticide giant invaded China's ChuiGuShou.
Industry management department should in macro policies should be enhanced, the establishment of an industrial development industry regulation coordination and early warning mechanism, guide domestic enterprises health positive development, control of enterprise reckless expansion, such ability make Chinese enterprise go "market prices - a project global-positioning satisfactorly -- -- price abrupt release capacity concentrated diving" market cycle.
3, domestic scientific research units and enterprise's own efforts, insist on different levels of innovation
Domestic pesticides independent innovation system also has not been formed, countries: used for pesticide splits into limited, the data shows our annual scientific research and development expenses only pesticides in case of 3,500 RMB 50 million, as plants research fields are busy studying the gene is same, chemical industry also have more money wasted on so-called cutting-edge upstream research on, creating new active ingredients of input is obviously insufficient.
As the world pesticide production to high-tech, fineness and automation and biotechnology development. New product development speed accelerated, product updating cycle shortens greatly. Foreign multinational of big companies of many advanced experience is filaments for domestic large enterprises have used for reference, such as annual profit part of new products, and to develop and research institutes cooperation, accelerate new achievements of industrialization.
Imitation is the low levels of innovation, has obtained in China registration or the registration of temporary varieties, generally in domestic has certain the popularization and application of the basis, the patents expire after generic products more easily be market to accept, can shorten the time into the market, Similarly, modelled in foreign markets has good basic varieties, can consider to export, and through the improvement process, cost reduction, etc measures to participate in international competition. Domestic enterprises should actively follow the world pesticide development trend and purchase, introduce some foreign big company patent period of pesticide products, will increase development efforts.
At the same time the attention to protect themselves, to avoid patent infringement, besides compounds outside, some foreign company also apply related varieties in China manufacturing method patent and preparation and integrated materials patent, therefore in the compound patents expire at the same time, still need to be paid attention to other method patent or the patent right combination content restrictions and protection period, avoid varieties development process involving infringement.
No comments:
Post a Comment